Roman Catholic Cardinal. Roman born Francesco Marmaggi studied at the Pontifical Roman Seminary, earning doctorates in philosophy and theology and was ordained priest on April 14, 1900. Faculty member of the Pontifical Roman Athenaeum of Sant'Apollinare, he served as official in the Sacred Apostolic Penitentiary from 1900 until 1904 and staff member in the Sacred Congregation for Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs between 1904 and 1917 when on January 27 of the latter he was named its undersecretary. Elected archbishop of the titular see of Adrianopoli di Emimonto and appointed first nuncio in the then Kingdom of Romania on September 1, 1920, he received his episcopal consecration on the following September 26 at the basilica of Santa Maria in Trastevere in Rome from Cardinal Pietro Gasparri. Named extraordinary envoy to Constantinople after the Greco-Turkish War in order to upgrade the diplomatic relations between Turkey and the Holy See, successively he was appointed nuncio in Czechoslovakia on May 30, 1923. Returning to Rome in 1925 due the difficulties between the said country and the Holy See concerning the celebrations honoring Jan Huss, a 14th century priest, philosopher, reformer who influenced Protestant dogma and was burned at the stake as a heretic, he was named nuncio in Poland, February 13, 1928. Pope Pius XI created him cardinal priest in the consistory of December 16, 1935 with the title of Santa Cecilia in Trastevere. Member of a papal commission to study the situation created by the Spanish Civil War and the implications the conflict had on the Roman Catholic clergy in Spain in 1937, he served as prefect of the Sacred Congregation of the Council between March 14, 1939 and November 3, 1949 and acted as camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals from March 10, 1947 till June 21, 1948. The Cardinal died on November 3, 1949, at 3.30 am., of a heart attack, in his native Rome. His funeral was celebrated on the following November 7, at 10.30 am., in his title, celebrated by Bishop Josef Gawlina. Originally buried in the chapel of the Polish Resurrectionist Sisters inside the Campo Verano Cemetery, at a later date his remains were transferred to his title.