Irish Revolutionary. Best remembered for her command of the City Hall garrison as a captain in the Irish Citizen's Army during the Easter Rising in Dublin in 1916 and her pioneering efforts to reduce the high rate of infant mortality in Dublin as well as the epidemic incidence of tuberculosis through the introduction of the BCG vaccine, Kathleen Lynn was born to the family of a canon in the Church of Ireland in County Mayo. One of the first women to gain admission for medical studies at the Royal University of Ireland, she was denied ratification of her appointment to the position of house surgeon at the Adeleide on account of her gender. Undaunted, she took post doctoral studies in the Unites States and was the first female resident at Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital in Dublin. In recognition of her medical accomplishemnts so early in her career she was elected a Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons in 1909. Her practice began in the slums of Dublin, which in turn led her to involvement with James Connolly of the Irish Citizens Army. In the Easter Rising of 1916 she was the Medical Officer of the City Hall garrison and after the death of the commander, it fell to her to surrender the post to the British Army, perhaps the only instance of that army ever accepting a surrender from a woman officer. She was imprisoned for her part at City Hall, but later paroled, only to be included on the list of Sinn Fein leaders to be rounded up in 1918. She surrendered by publishing in newspapers that she had "retired" to her home, including the address where she could be found. Swiftly arrested again, the Lord Mayor of Dublin intervened upon her behalf as her medical skills were desparately needed during the influenza pandemic of 1918. A year later, to combat the staggeringly high infant mortality rate in Dublin, she and Madeline ffrench-Mullen, her life-long partner, pooled resources and founded St. Ultan's Hospital specializing in neo-natal care, stipulating a hospital staff of only women. She was active in politics as well being elected to the Sinn Fein Executive in 1917. Elected to the Dail in 1921 she did not take her seat as a protest against the Anglo-Irish Treaty. She again focused her energies upon her hospital. After a meeting with Maria Montessori in 1934 she championed Montessori's theories on child development. Always concerned about children, she was an active part of the programme to find safe homes for German children in Ireland during World War II. She continued practicing medicine into her eighties, despite being Senior Physician by that time. Her funeral was extended full military honours, and nurses in uniform lined the street when her coffin passed St Ultan's.