Civil War Union Brigadier General. He graduated from the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York in 1837, placing 10 out of 50 (his class included future Confederate General Braxton Bragg, as well as future Union Generals Henry W. Benham, Alexander B. Dyer, and Eliakim P. Scammon). Posted as a 2nd Lieutenant in the 2nd United States Artillery, he fought in the 1837-1838 Seminole War, and served in various garrisons along the Canadian frontier. During the Mexican War he fought with his unit in the Siege of Vera Cruz, and in the Battles of Cerro Gordo, Amozoque, and Chuburusco, where he was severely wounded while storming the tete de point at the head of his company. In the Fall of 1847 he received the brevets of Captain and Major for his Mexican War bravery. His subsequent pre-Civil War service saw him again command troops in Florida, and led a detachment in the April 7, 1856 Battle of Big Cypress against the Seminole Indians. After the outbreak of the Civil War he was promoted to Major in the 1st United States Artillery, was assigned to Fort Pickens off Pensacola, Florida in August 1861. He remained there until May 1862, have rendered invaluable service in defending the Fort, which remained in Union hands through the war. In October 1861, he helped repulse a Confederate attack on nearby Santa Rosa Island, and defiantly refused to surrender the outpost during three different Confederate artillery bombardments (his defense of the Fort earned him the brevet of Lieutenant Colonel, US Regular Army). In January 1862 he was promoted to Brigadier General, US Volunteers, and in October 1862 was transferred to command the city of New Orleans after it fell to Union forces. On November 10 of that year he was struck down by a stroke while reviewing troops, and was place in sick leave for over a year while his condition was hoped to improve. When it became obvious he would be permanently disabled, he was retired from the Army in February 1864. He died 8 years later in Boston, Massachusetts.