Turkish Politician. Born at Umurbey, a village of Gemlik, Bursa, the Ottoman Empire, in 1919, he as elected to the Ottoman Parliament in Istanbul as deputy of Saruhan (today Manisa). Because he did not agree with the new form of constitution determined by the sultan, he went in 1920 to Ankara, Turkey to join Mustafa Kemal by the Turkish Independence Movement. He became deputy of Bursa in the newly established Grand National Assembly of Turkey. The same year, he served as deputy Minister of Economy and on February 27, 1921 he was appointed as Minister of Economy. In 1922, Bayar took part in the Turkish delegation during the Lausanne Peace Conference as an advisor to Ismet Inönü. After the elections in 1923, he served as deputy of Izmir in the parliament. On August 26, 1924, he founded Türkiye Is Bankasi in Ankara and was its Managing Director until 1932. On January 7, 1946, he founded Demokrat Parti (the Democratic Party), a conservative-liberal party, along with Adnan Menderes, Fuat Köprülü and Refik Koraltan. The DP won, with 408 of 487 seats, a majority at the general elections on May 14, 1950. The parliament elected Bayar, the chairman of the DP, as President of Turkey. He was subsequently reelected in 1954 and 1957, serving 10 years long as President. On May 27, 1960 the armed forces staged a coup d'etat and sent Celal Bayar along with Adnan Menderes and some other government and party members to a military court on the tiny island Yassiada in the Sea of Marmara on June 10 of the same year. He and 15 other party members were tried for violating the constitution and sentenced to death by the High Court of Justice on September 15, 1961 but the punishment for Bayar was commuted to life imprisonment. he was released on November 7, 1964 due to ill health and pardoned in 1966. He died in Istanbul, Turkey at the age of 103.