U.S. Senator, Nobel Peace Prize Recipient. Frank Kellogg earned worldwide renown after being awarded the 1929 Nobel Peace Prize. He received this coveted award, according to the Nobel Prize committee, "for his crucial role in bringing about the Briand-Kellogg Pact." A member of the Republican Party, he served in the US Senate from Minnesota for one term, from March of 1917 until March of 1923, then as US Secretary of State from March 1925 until March 1928. Born the son of a farmer, his formal education is described by his Nobel biography as "sketchy." A self-trained lawyer, he moved with his family to Minnesota in 1865 and began practicing law in Rochester, Minnesota in 1877. From 1878 until 1881 he served as the city attorney of Rochester and county attorney for Olmsted County in Minnesota from 1882 until 1887. He was appointed by United States President Theodore Roosevelt as a prosecutor in the US Justice Department and in 1911 he litigated his most important antitrust case, Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey v. United States. Following this successful prosecution, he was elected president of the American Bar Association, serving from 1912 until 1913. In 1916 he was the Republican candidate to the US Senate from Minnesota and won the election. During his term, he was one of the few Republicans who supported the ratification battle for the Treaty of Versailles. In 1922 he lost his re-election bid for US Senate. The following year he was a delegate to the 5th International Conference of American States in Santiago, Chile and served as Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to England from 1923 until 1925. In 1925 United States President Calvin Coolidge appointed him to the Cabinet post of Secretary of State. While in this office, he was responsible for improving US-Mexican relations and helping to resolve the long-standing Tacna-Arica controversy between Peru and Chile, which was featured on the cover of "Time" magazine's September 28, 1925 issue. His most significant accomplishment was the 1928 Kellogg-Briand Pact, proposed by French Foreign Minister Aristide Briand, and it was a treaty intended to provide for "the renunciation of war as an instrument of national policy." Although the treaty was full of hope for world peace, there were loopholes and devoid of means for effective enforcement. For this accomplishment, he was awarded the 1929 Nobel Peace Prize. He actually accepted the award at the December of 1930 presentation ceremony as there was a long delay in the final decision lasting until after the 1929 presentation ceremony. He received 13 nominations for the Nobel candidacy with ten submitted in 1930. One submission was done by a group of seven members of the United States Congress. Besides the Nobel Peace Prize, France awarded him the Legion of Honor. He was a younger cousin of Minnesota Governor Cushman Kellogg Davis. From 1930 until 1935 he was associate judge of the Permanent Court of International Justice. In 1937 he endowed the Kellogg Foundation for Education in International Relations at Carleton College in Northfield, Minnesota where he was a trustee. He died from pneumonia following a stroke one day shy of his 81st birthday. From a humble beginning as a farm boy, he received wealth as well as world-wide recognition. A Liberty ship, the SS Frank B. Kellogg, was named in his honor. In 1976 his house in St. Paul, Minnesota, the Frank B. Kellogg House, was listed as a National Historic Landmark.