Adam was the son of Thomas Thompson of Roxbury, Suffolk County, Massachusetts and Mary Foster of Boston, Suffolk County, Massachusetts. Mary and Thomas were married on 28 October 1765 in Roxbury, Suffolk County, Massachusetts. Mary and Thomas had twelve children. They were: John Thompson; Thomas Thompson; Mary Thompson; Unknown Thompson; Unknown Thompson; Unknown Thompson; Jane Thompson was born on 30 June 1768 in Deer Isle, Hancock County, Maine; Rebecca Thompson was born on 12 May 1772 in Deer Isle, Hancock County, Maine; Martha Thompson was born on 16 October 1774 in Deer Isle, Hancock County, Maine; Adam Thompson was born on 15 December 1776 in Deer Isle, Hancock County, Maine; Elizabeth Thompson was born on 04 November 1781 in Deer Isle, Hancock County, Maine; and Abigail Thompson was born on 20 August 1788 in Deer Isle, Hancock County, Maine.

Adam married Mary Barbour on 14 March 1803 in Deer Isle, Hancock County, Maine. Mary and Adam had thirteen children. They were: Adam Thompson was born on 16 March 1805 in Deer Isle, Hancock County, Maine; Mary Thompson was born on 14 January 1807; Dudley Thompson was born on 17 October 1808; Joan Thompson was born on 13 February 1810; Deborah Thompson was born on 12 August 1812; John Thompson was born on 12 May 1813 in Deer Isle, Hancock County, Maine; Jane Thompson was born on 14 December 1815 in Deer Isle, Hancock County, Maine; Thomas Thompson was born on 25 February 1817; Solomon Thompson was born on 04 February 1819 in Deer Isle, Hancock County, Maine; Benjamin Thompson was born on 08 May 1821; William Thompson was born on 13 May 1822 in Deer Isle, Hancock County, Maine; Edward B. Thompson was born on 24 May 1825 in Deer Isle, Hancock County, Maine; and Hiram Thompson was born on 23 November 1827 in Deer Isle, Hancock County, Maine.