Roman Catholic Archbishop. Theologian. Baron. Born in Vorhelm, Germany. He studied at the University of Munster, graduating in 1796, and was ordained as a priest the next year. He became bishop of Munster in 1807 but lost his position during the Napoleonic Wars. After the defeat of Napoleon, he regained his post but was then forced out by the Prussian government due to his policy on mixed marriages. He retired from public life but surprisingly was selected as Archbishop of Cologne in 1835, partly to relieve tensions between Catholic Cologne and Lutheran Prussia. This did not work but led to more conflicts with the Prussian government, leading to his arrest in late 1837. Protests by the church and pope led to his release in the spring of 1839. Though he retained his title as archbishop, the Bishop of Speyer was then appointed to run the archdiocese. After a trip to Rome in 1844 to confer with the Pope, where he declined appointment as a Cardinal, he returned home to Munster. He was the author of a number of theologial works, the best known being "About the Religious Freedom of Catholics" (1817) and an exposition of the relationship between church and state "About the Peace between Church and State(s)" (1843).
Roman Catholic Archbishop. Theologian. Baron. Born in Vorhelm, Germany. He studied at the University of Munster, graduating in 1796, and was ordained as a priest the next year. He became bishop of Munster in 1807 but lost his position during the Napoleonic Wars. After the defeat of Napoleon, he regained his post but was then forced out by the Prussian government due to his policy on mixed marriages. He retired from public life but surprisingly was selected as Archbishop of Cologne in 1835, partly to relieve tensions between Catholic Cologne and Lutheran Prussia. This did not work but led to more conflicts with the Prussian government, leading to his arrest in late 1837. Protests by the church and pope led to his release in the spring of 1839. Though he retained his title as archbishop, the Bishop of Speyer was then appointed to run the archdiocese. After a trip to Rome in 1844 to confer with the Pope, where he declined appointment as a Cardinal, he returned home to Munster. He was the author of a number of theologial works, the best known being "About the Religious Freedom of Catholics" (1817) and an exposition of the relationship between church and state "About the Peace between Church and State(s)" (1843).
Bio by: Kenneth Gilbert
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