Randolph E. Paul – "Architect of the modern tax system" and WWII Director of the War Refugee Board that saved as many as 200,000 Jews from death during the Holocaust.
Paul was born to working class parents in Hackensack, N.J. Earning money as a switchboard operator and later as an insurance adjuster, he worked his way through Amherst College and then New York Law School. Continued hard work, diligence and respect from his professional associates, earned him partnership positions in various prestigious law firms focusing on corporate tax law. In the 1930's Paul became a trusted advisor of Secretary of the Treasury, Henry Morgenthau Jr. 1940 he was a director of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. With American entry into WWII, Paul became General Counsel to Morgenthau for the Tax Division of the Dept. of Treasury's Foreign Funds Control. A committed Keynesian and as chief spokesman for the Roosevelt administration on tax matters to Capitol Hill, Paul believed that directed taxation was a mechanism for achieving social progress. Under Paul's influence, Congress enacted the Revenue Act of 1942, modernized the Internal Revenue Code and enacted the payroll withholding tax.
As General Counsel for Foreign Funds Control, Paul learned that American efforts to transfer funds, issue visas and acts to save victims of Nazism were being deliberately thwarted by anti-Semitic elements in the State Department. Paul, along with John Pehle, was the principal sponsor of the first contemporaneous Government paper attacking America's dormant complicity in The Holocaust. Entitled "Report to the Secretary on the Acquiescence of This Government in the Murder of the Jews", written by Josiah DuBois. The document was an indictment of the U.S. State Department's diplomatic, military, and immigration policies. Among other things, the Report narrated the State Department's inaction and in some instances active opposition to the release of funds for the rescue of Jews in Romania and occupied France, and condemned immigration policies that closed American doors to Jewish refugees from countries then engaged in their systematic slaughter.
On January 16, 1944, Morgenthau and Paul personally delivered the paper to President Roosevelt. The result was Executive Order 9417creating the War Refugee Board. The Executive Order declared that "it is the policy of this Government to take all measures within its power to rescue the victims of enemy oppression who are in imminent danger of death and otherwise to afford such victims all possible relief and assistance consistent with the successful prosecution of the war."
The Board, working with famous Holocaust Rescuers, such as Raoul Wallenberg, saved an estimated 200,000 Jews from death.
Paul returned to private practice after the War continuing a heavy schedule of work, writing and teaching as an adjunct professor of law at Harvard and Howard Law schools.
Feb. 6, 1956, immediately following his Congressional testimony on President Eisenhower's economic and tax policy, Paul died of a massive heart attack.
Paul was born to working class parents in Hackensack, N.J. Earning money as a switchboard operator and later as an insurance adjuster, he worked his way through Amherst College and then New York Law School. Continued hard work, diligence and respect from his professional associates, earned him partnership positions in various prestigious law firms focusing on corporate tax law. In the 1930's Paul became a trusted advisor of Secretary of the Treasury, Henry Morgenthau Jr. 1940 he was a director of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. With American entry into WWII, Paul became General Counsel to Morgenthau for the Tax Division of the Dept. of Treasury's Foreign Funds Control. A committed Keynesian and as chief spokesman for the Roosevelt administration on tax matters to Capitol Hill, Paul believed that directed taxation was a mechanism for achieving social progress. Under Paul's influence, Congress enacted the Revenue Act of 1942, modernized the Internal Revenue Code and enacted the payroll withholding tax.
As General Counsel for Foreign Funds Control, Paul learned that American efforts to transfer funds, issue visas and acts to save victims of Nazism were being deliberately thwarted by anti-Semitic elements in the State Department. Paul, along with John Pehle, was the principal sponsor of the first contemporaneous Government paper attacking America's dormant complicity in The Holocaust. Entitled "Report to the Secretary on the Acquiescence of This Government in the Murder of the Jews", written by Josiah DuBois. The document was an indictment of the U.S. State Department's diplomatic, military, and immigration policies. Among other things, the Report narrated the State Department's inaction and in some instances active opposition to the release of funds for the rescue of Jews in Romania and occupied France, and condemned immigration policies that closed American doors to Jewish refugees from countries then engaged in their systematic slaughter.
On January 16, 1944, Morgenthau and Paul personally delivered the paper to President Roosevelt. The result was Executive Order 9417creating the War Refugee Board. The Executive Order declared that "it is the policy of this Government to take all measures within its power to rescue the victims of enemy oppression who are in imminent danger of death and otherwise to afford such victims all possible relief and assistance consistent with the successful prosecution of the war."
The Board, working with famous Holocaust Rescuers, such as Raoul Wallenberg, saved an estimated 200,000 Jews from death.
Paul returned to private practice after the War continuing a heavy schedule of work, writing and teaching as an adjunct professor of law at Harvard and Howard Law schools.
Feb. 6, 1956, immediately following his Congressional testimony on President Eisenhower's economic and tax policy, Paul died of a massive heart attack.
Randolph E. Paul – "Architect of the modern tax system" and WWII Director of the War Refugee Board that saved as many as 200,000 Jews from death during the Holocaust.
Paul was born to working class parents in Hackensack, N.J. Earning money as a switchboard operator and later as an insurance adjuster, he worked his way through Amherst College and then New York Law School. Continued hard work, diligence and respect from his professional associates, earned him partnership positions in various prestigious law firms focusing on corporate tax law. In the 1930's Paul became a trusted advisor of Secretary of the Treasury, Henry Morgenthau Jr. 1940 he was a director of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. With American entry into WWII, Paul became General Counsel to Morgenthau for the Tax Division of the Dept. of Treasury's Foreign Funds Control. A committed Keynesian and as chief spokesman for the Roosevelt administration on tax matters to Capitol Hill, Paul believed that directed taxation was a mechanism for achieving social progress. Under Paul's influence, Congress enacted the Revenue Act of 1942, modernized the Internal Revenue Code and enacted the payroll withholding tax.
As General Counsel for Foreign Funds Control, Paul learned that American efforts to transfer funds, issue visas and acts to save victims of Nazism were being deliberately thwarted by anti-Semitic elements in the State Department. Paul, along with John Pehle, was the principal sponsor of the first contemporaneous Government paper attacking America's dormant complicity in The Holocaust. Entitled "Report to the Secretary on the Acquiescence of This Government in the Murder of the Jews", written by Josiah DuBois. The document was an indictment of the U.S. State Department's diplomatic, military, and immigration policies. Among other things, the Report narrated the State Department's inaction and in some instances active opposition to the release of funds for the rescue of Jews in Romania and occupied France, and condemned immigration policies that closed American doors to Jewish refugees from countries then engaged in their systematic slaughter.
On January 16, 1944, Morgenthau and Paul personally delivered the paper to President Roosevelt. The result was Executive Order 9417creating the War Refugee Board. The Executive Order declared that "it is the policy of this Government to take all measures within its power to rescue the victims of enemy oppression who are in imminent danger of death and otherwise to afford such victims all possible relief and assistance consistent with the successful prosecution of the war."
The Board, working with famous Holocaust Rescuers, such as Raoul Wallenberg, saved an estimated 200,000 Jews from death.
Paul returned to private practice after the War continuing a heavy schedule of work, writing and teaching as an adjunct professor of law at Harvard and Howard Law schools.
Feb. 6, 1956, immediately following his Congressional testimony on President Eisenhower's economic and tax policy, Paul died of a massive heart attack.
Paul was born to working class parents in Hackensack, N.J. Earning money as a switchboard operator and later as an insurance adjuster, he worked his way through Amherst College and then New York Law School. Continued hard work, diligence and respect from his professional associates, earned him partnership positions in various prestigious law firms focusing on corporate tax law. In the 1930's Paul became a trusted advisor of Secretary of the Treasury, Henry Morgenthau Jr. 1940 he was a director of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. With American entry into WWII, Paul became General Counsel to Morgenthau for the Tax Division of the Dept. of Treasury's Foreign Funds Control. A committed Keynesian and as chief spokesman for the Roosevelt administration on tax matters to Capitol Hill, Paul believed that directed taxation was a mechanism for achieving social progress. Under Paul's influence, Congress enacted the Revenue Act of 1942, modernized the Internal Revenue Code and enacted the payroll withholding tax.
As General Counsel for Foreign Funds Control, Paul learned that American efforts to transfer funds, issue visas and acts to save victims of Nazism were being deliberately thwarted by anti-Semitic elements in the State Department. Paul, along with John Pehle, was the principal sponsor of the first contemporaneous Government paper attacking America's dormant complicity in The Holocaust. Entitled "Report to the Secretary on the Acquiescence of This Government in the Murder of the Jews", written by Josiah DuBois. The document was an indictment of the U.S. State Department's diplomatic, military, and immigration policies. Among other things, the Report narrated the State Department's inaction and in some instances active opposition to the release of funds for the rescue of Jews in Romania and occupied France, and condemned immigration policies that closed American doors to Jewish refugees from countries then engaged in their systematic slaughter.
On January 16, 1944, Morgenthau and Paul personally delivered the paper to President Roosevelt. The result was Executive Order 9417creating the War Refugee Board. The Executive Order declared that "it is the policy of this Government to take all measures within its power to rescue the victims of enemy oppression who are in imminent danger of death and otherwise to afford such victims all possible relief and assistance consistent with the successful prosecution of the war."
The Board, working with famous Holocaust Rescuers, such as Raoul Wallenberg, saved an estimated 200,000 Jews from death.
Paul returned to private practice after the War continuing a heavy schedule of work, writing and teaching as an adjunct professor of law at Harvard and Howard Law schools.
Feb. 6, 1956, immediately following his Congressional testimony on President Eisenhower's economic and tax policy, Paul died of a massive heart attack.
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