French Royalty, American Civil War Union Army Officer. He was the son of Prince Ferdinand Philippe of Orléans, and grandson of French King Louis Philippe I. When his father died from injuries sustained in a carriage accident in 1842, he became heir apparent to the throne of France at age four. Named the Count of Paris, by his grandfather, he would hold that title until his death. He and his mother fled France to England upon the abdication of King Louis Philippe I in 1848, and after the installation of the French Second Republic. His mother succumbed to the flu in 1858, while the family was in England. After the start of the American Civil War, he came to the United States, and offered his service to the country as well as his younger brother Robert. On September 24, 1861, he was commissioned as Captain of Volunteers, and assigned as an Assistant Adjutant General on the staff of Major General George B. McClellan. He rendered commendable service as a staff officer during the Spring of 1862 Peninsular Campaign in General McClellan's failed effort to capture the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia, and upon the conclusion of the campaign resigned in July of 1862. He left the United States to be a presence in French society and have much support by French monarchists. By 1873, after France was defeated by Germany in the Franco-Prussian war, and after the abdication of Emperor Louis Napoleon III, he withdrew all claims to the French throne. He would live in England with his family in exile until his death. In 1880 he was elected as a full member of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States, a hereditary organization consisting of men who had served as officers in the Union Army during the Civil War. On May 30, 1864 at St. Raphael's Church in Kingston upon Thames, England he married his paternal first cousin, Princess Marie Isabelle d'Orléans of Spain and the couple had eight children with six living to adulthood and marrying into Europe's royal families.