Civil War Confederate Brigadier General. He graduated from the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York in 1853 and was commissioned a 2nd Lieutenant in the 1st United States Dragoons regiment. From 1855 to 1861 he was involved in engagements with hostile Indians in Oregon and New Mexico. When the Civil War began, he resigned his commission as Captain in the Union Army and entered the service of the Confederate States as a Captain in the Adjutant General’s office. In early 1862 he was serving on the staff of Brigadier General William W. Mackall as part of the forces holding Island Number 10 in the Mississippi River when he was captured by Union forces after the Confederates surrendered the post. After his exchange he was appointed Colonel in command of the post at Staunton, Virginia, serving there through the rest of 1862. In 1863 he was transferred to the Army of Tennessee, and assigned a brigade of cavalry under Major General Joseph Wheeler. Promoted Brigadier General, PACS in August 1863, he served in the September 1863 Battle of Chickamauga, and in the beginning months of the 1864 Atlanta Campaign. In the summer of 1864 he was transferred to Virginia, where he led a cavalry brigade in the division of Major General Lunsford L. Lomax. On March 2, 1865 his command and most of the Confederate cavalry operating in the Shenandoah Valley were routed and virtually destroyed at the Battle of Waynesboro by Union forces led by Brigadier General George Armstrong Custer. In April 1865 he was with the army under General Joseph E. Johnston when it surrendered to Major General William T. Sherman’s forces in North Carolina. After the conclusion of the war he briefly resided in Louisiana before moving to California in 1868. There he rose to prominence in civil service and railroad engineering occupations, and serving in 1887 as Deputy Secretary of State for California. He passed away in Livermore, California in 1899.