Film Director, Producer, Screenwriter. Born in New York City, the son of Sadie Gertrude Perveler and Jacob Leonard Kubrick, a doctor. As a boy, he proved a poor student, finding an affinity only for chess and photography. At 17, he was hired as a staff photographer by 'Look' magazine. In 1950, he left 'Look' in order to make his first film, 'Day of the Fight,' a 16-minute documentary which he sold to RKO-Pathé. He completed two more documentary shorts before making his feature debut in 1953 with 'Fear and Desire.' Other films followed as he expanded on his craft, including 'The Killing' (1956) and 'Paths of Glory' (1957), starring Kirk Douglas, which established him as a name in the industry. He was invited in by Douglas as a replacement director for the epic 'Spartacus' (1960), which was followed by the controversial 'Lolita' (1962); the black comedy 'Dr. Strangelove' (1964); the science fiction classic '2001: A Space Odyssey ' (1968); and the highly controversial 'A Clockwork Orange' (1971), which was voted Best Picture by the New York Film Critics Circle, also awarding Kubrick Best Director. 'Barry Lyndon' (1975) proved a box office failure despite critical success, and his production of 'The Shining' (1980) was disliked by its author. His reputation was that of an obsessive, workaholic, controlling, and cold filmmaker who insisted on managing every aspect of his films, often demanding hundreds of takes from bewildered actors, perhaps a reason why his almost fifty-year career resulted in only thirteen feature films. His last were 'Full Metal Jacket' (1987) and 'Eyes Wide Shut' (1999), which was released posthumously. Nominated for 13 Academy Awards, his only win came for his groundbreaking special effects work on '2001'. He also received lifetime achievement awards from the Directors Guild of America and the Directors Guild of Great Britain. He continues to be widely regarded as a major influence on the development of filmmaking.