US Congressman. He was born in New York, New York, to Dr. Robert Fitz Randolph and Anna Campyon Randolph in a family of five children (he also had a brother and three sisters). When he was young the family moved and settled in Piscataway, New Jersey, and he was educated by private tutors and in private schools. He then studied in preparation for admission to the class of 1825 at the distinguished Rutgers University in New Brunswick, New Jersey, but he did not enter. He then proceeded to study law and was admitted to the bar in 1825. In 1828, he married Anne Forman and they had three children (Samuel was born in 1829, Robert Francis was born in 1832, and Sarah Ann was born in 1834). He commenced to practicing law in Freehold, New Jersey, and was named the Prosecuting Attorney for Monmouth County, New Jersey, and served in that position in 1836. That same year his wife Anne passed away at the age of 28. He married for a second time on September 25, 1840, to Sarah Ann Cooper in Easton, Pennsylvania, and they had four children (Charlotte was born in 1842, Joseph was born in 1843, John Cooper was born in 1846, and Mary was born in 1849). He then decided to run for a seat in the United States Congress and was elected. A Whig, he then served New Jersey as At-Large (Twenty-Fifth, Twenty-Sixth, and Twenty-Seventh Congresses) in the United States House of Representatives from 1837 to 1843. He was not a candidate for renomination in 1842. After his term expired on March 3, 1843, he was not succeeded in office as the District became inactive. After leaving politics, he relocated to New Brunswick, New Jersey, and resumed his practice of law in 1843. He then served as a Delegate to the New Jersey State Constitutional Convention in 1844 and as a Member of the Committee that was appointed by then-New Jersey Governor Daniel Haines to revise the statutes of the State of New Jersey. In 1845, he moved to Trenton, New Jersey. He then served as an Associate Justice of the State Supreme Court from 1845 to 1852, and lastly as a Member of the Peace Convention that was held in Washington, D.C., in an effort to prevent the impending Civil War in 1861. In 1864, he moved to Jersey City, New Jersey, and passed away in that city following a long illness on March 20, 1873, at the age of 70. At the time of his death, he was considered one of the most prominent citizens in New Jersey. His second wife Sarah Ann died in 1904 and the two are buried in the Easton Cemetery in Easton, Pennsylvania.