Civil War Confederate Brigadier General, US Congressman. He was born in Lincolnton, North Carolina, but moved with his family in 1835 to Alabama. He and his younger brother, John Horace, also a future Confederate General, were educated by tutors. In 1844 he graduated from the University of Alabama. He read law in the Jacksonville, Alabama, office of his older brother Daniel, leaving to serve as a Lieutenant in the 1st Alabama Volunteers in Mexico. Returning in 1848 to Jacksonville and the law, he was admitted to the bar and by 1859 was also a state legislator. He entered Confederate service as a Captain in the 10th Alabama Infantry, a regiment commanded by his brother, the already mentioned John, a West Pointer and future Major General. At Dranesville, Virginia, on December 20, 1861, he saw his first action and received the first of his 13 wartime wounds. Having risen to Lieutenant Colonel of his regiment by the start of the 1862 Peninsula Campaign, he was again wounded at Williamsburg. Captured while hospitalized, he was exchanged in September. As a Colonel, he led the 10th Alabama at Fredericksburg and at Chancellorsville, where he took another wound. His military service was temporarily halted on July 2, 1863, while he was serving in the center of the Confederate line at Gettysburg. An engagement occurred astride a branch of Pitzer's Run, ending when he led his regiment in a counterattack that sent the enemy reeling. Though wounded in the arm and chest, he kept charging. Next, his right arm was shattered by a minie ball, but he did not halt till a wound in the foot crippled him. Left behind during General Robert E. Lee's retreat, he was again captured, and was imprisoned for over a year. After his exchange, he returned on crutches to his regiment and directed it through autumn 1864. Temporarily in command of Brigadier Cadmus M. Wilcox's brigade several times during the Petersburg Campaign, he received the unit permanently when promoted Brigadier General on February 15, 1865. Still disabled, he accompanied the Army of Northern Virginia to Appomattox, where he surrendered the remnants of the brigade. Though maimed for life, he enjoyed a successful postwar legal and political career, serving in the Alabama senate till ousted by the carpetbagger regime. When local government regained power, he was sent to the United States House of Representatives, where he served continuously from 1875 to 1893.