Swiss Physician and Nutrition Reformer. A pioneer nutritionist, he is credited for popularizing muesli (a cold oatmeal dish) and raw food vegetarianism. He studied medicine at the University of Zurich and opened his own clinic. He developed jaundice soon after his clinic opened, and claimed he recovered by eating raw apples. From this observation, he experimented with the health effects raw foods have on the body, and from this he promoted muesli; a dish based on raw oats, fruits and nuts. He then expanded on his nutritional research and in 1897 opened a sanatorium called "Vital Force". He believed raw fruits and vegetables held the most nutritional value, and that cooked or commercially processed foods held even less, and meat held the least nutritional value. He eventually gave up meat entirely and became a vegetarian. He believed raw foods were more nutritious because they contain direct energy from the sun. He encouraged people of good health to eat approximately 50 percent raw foods on a daily basis, and for those with poor health to eat 100 percent raw foods. His ideas included not only controlled nutrition, but also spartan physical discipline. At his sanatorium, the patients had to follow a somewhat monastic daily schedule including early bedtime (nine o'clock), physical training and active gardening work. Patients were not allowed to consume alcohol, tobacco, or caffeine products while they were being treated and also recommended his patients to sunbathe, take cold showers, and use a medicinal bath developed by American physician John Harvey Kellogg. Ultimately, his ideas about nutrition were not supported by the science of his day, and he was largely dismissed as a quack by the medical profession, until the discovery of vitamins in the 1930s. He died at the age of 71.