Ohio Governor, Union Civil War Officer. Born near Louisville, Kentucky, he graduated from Miami University at Oxford, Ohio in 1833 and returned to Louisville to study law. He later moved to Dayton, Ohio, was admitted to the bar in Ohio, and practiced as an attorney in Montgomery County. He became the Prosecuting Attorney of Montgomery County until he was elected as a Whig Party member to the Ohio State Senate in 1844. As a State Senator, he was an advocate of Civil Rights for African-Americans and argued for Ohio to repeal the "Black Laws." Anderson moved to Cincinnati in 1848 and entered into a law partnership with Rufus King. He briefly returned to Dayton in 1856 to establish his own practice until he moved to Texas in 1859 and purchased a farm near San Antonio, Texas in an effort to improve his health in a warmer climate. An outspoken Unionist, Anderson tried to flee to Mexico after Texas seceded from the Union and joined the Confederacy. He was arrested in September, 1861 and imprisoned in San Antonio until he managed to escape a month later. In 1862, he was sent to England by President Abraham Lincoln to seek support for the Union war effort. Returning to Ohio in August of 1862, he was commissioned by Governor John Brough as Colonel of the 93rd Ohio Volunteer Infantry and helped to organize the regiment for service. He participated in the Battle of Perryville and was severely wounded at the Battle of Stones River. He resigned his commission in January, 1863 because of his wounds and returned to Ohio. After a period of recovery, Anderson was elected as Lieutenant Governor of Ohio under Brough. He became Ohio's 27th Governor when Brough died in office on August 29, 1865. He served in that capacity for 4 ½ months until the completion of the term and declined to become a candidate for reelection. Anderson returned to Dayton and resumed his legal profession. He later moved to Lyon County, Kentucky for the remainder of his life and died in Kuttawa, Kentucky in 1895 when he was 81 years old. His father, Colonel Richard C. Anderson, was a Revolutionary War Officer. His brother, Robert Anderson, was a Union Civil War Officer, and another brother, Richard Anderson, was a United States Congressman and Diplomat.