Nobel Prize Recipient. Frédéric Joliot received world-wide recognition after being awarded the 1935 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, sharing the award with his wife Irene Joliot-Curie. The couple received the coveted award, according to the Nobel Prize committee, "in recognition of their synthesis of new radioactive elements." He received 15 nominations for the Nobel candidacy. The couple married on October 9, 1926 and by 1928 they were signing their research papers jointly. The couple merged their surnames to Joliot-Curie, yet their scientific papers were signed “Joliot” or “Curie.” The Nobel Prize was given after the 1934 publication of “Artificial Production of Radioactive Elements- Chemical Proof of the Transmutation of the Elements.” Born Jean Frédéric Joliot, his father was a merchant and he attended local Paris schools, He met his wife Irene in 1924 at the Radium Institute, while being an assistant to Nobel Prize recipient Marie Curie, Irene’s mother. He earned his Doctorate of Science degree in 1930, having prepared a thesis on the electrochemistry of radio-elements, and became lecturer in the Paris Faculty of Science in 1935. In 1937 he was nominated Professor at the Collège de France, thus soon leaving the Radium Institute. He built a new laboratory of nuclear chemistry, which was the first cyclotron in Western Europe. He worked closely with several other scientists including Lew Kowarski, a Russian-born Frenchman. Politically, he joined the Socialist Party in 1934, the League for the Rights of Man in 1936 and is credited with forming the French Communist Party. After making several trips to Russia for research, he was labeled as having close connections to the Russian Communist party. He demonstrated, with Antoine Lacassagne, the use of radioactive iodine as a tracer in the thyroid gland. Between 1939 and 1940, the two scientists applied for five patents on various discoveries. On the advance of the Nazi forces in 1940, he managed to get the documents relating to his research secured in England, but the research on nuclear fission was archived in the vaults of the French Academy of Sciences, where it remained until 1949. This was done to avoid the use by the military during the war. At this point, his research was put on hold. During World War II, he bravely fought in intense situations with the French Resistance as a member of the Prefecture of Police, preparing explosives and radio parts. In 1942, he joined the Communist Party after working alongside with militant Communists. He was part of the battle of the 1944 Paris Uprising. After the war, he did little research but held administrative positions. He was the Director of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique in 1945; was appointed by Charles de Gaulle as the first High Commissioner for Atomic Energy in 1946; and directed the construction of the first French atomic pile in 1948. He founded with his wife the Orsay Faculty of Sciences, which was part of the Paris-Saclay University. For political reasons during the Cold War, he was relieved of most of his professional duties in 1950. Besides being a member of the French Academy of Sciences and since 1943, the Academy of Medicine, he was a foreign member of the Royal Society along with several other learned scientific societies. He received several honorary degrees. Besides the Nobel Prize, he was a Commander of the French Legion of Honor, decorated with the Croix de Guerre, and received the first Stalin Peace Prize in 1951 for his work as president of the World Council of Peace. He was one of the 11 signatories of the Russell-Einstein Manifesto, which was issued in London, England on July 9, 1955 in the middle of the Cold War, calling for world leaders to seek peaceful resolutions to international conflict and list the dangers of nuclear weapons. The couple had a son and a daughter, who became successful scientists. Two years after his wife’s death from leukemia related to radiation exposure, he died of hepatitis related to radiation exposure. As a young man, he was tall, handsome with dark eyes and hair, having an athletic physique and with an outgoing personality. In 1956 upon the death of his wife, he became the Chair of Nuclear Physics at the Sorbonne. He and his wife both were given state funerals.