Urban Planner. He gained fame as an urban planner who was credited with redesigning the entire New York City metropolitan area during the mid-20th century. Born into a German Jewish household, he converted to Christianity as an adult. Following earning a BA degree from Yale University in 1909, he earned a BA in Jurisprudence and MA degree at Wadham College at Oxford University in England in 1913 before his PhD in political science from Columbia University in New York City in 1914. In 1913, he became a civil servant when he joined the New York City's Bureau of Municipal Research. His first major appointed position was as the Secretary of State of New York from 1927 to 1929. During his nearly 50-year career, he simultaneously held at least twelve appointed titles, including Chairman of the Tunnel Authority with a police force from 1934 to 1968, NYC Parks Commissioner from 1934 to 1963 and Chairman of the Long Island State Parks Commission from 1924 to 1963. Known as "The Great Builder," he was responsible for 35 major arterial highways, 28,000 public housing projects, the failed 1964 World's Fair, Shea Stadium, Lincoln Center for Performing Arts, Jones Beach, The Triboro, Bronx-Whitestone, Throgs Neck, and Verrazano Bridges, and the list goes on and on. He brought the United Nations building to the Manhattan's East River waterfront. At one time, he had 80,000 people employed by him. With 500,000 people going from living in slums to homeless, he evicted them from their homes to build his visions. His career as an urban planner affected, and continues to affect, the lives of tens of millions of people. Many other major United States cities did follow his lead in their urban planning. The 1974 Pulitzer Prize award-winning, 1,300-page biography, "The Power Broker: Robert Moses and the Fall of New York," which was authored by Robert Allan Caro, revealed in meticulous detail how a non-elected person could control New York City for years.