Painter, Educator. He received notoriety as a Polish painter during the 19th century, excelling in historical and religious compositions. He did produce portraits but mainly of his family, and on rare occasion landscapes. He was considered the first modern art historian in Poland. Born the oldest son of six children, his father was a school teacher with one brother becoming a physician and the other an architect. Attending local schools before going to college, he studied philosophy and history at Jagiellonian University graduating in 1845. While at the same time, he studied drawing and painting for eight years at the Krakow School of Fine Arts studying under Wojciech Komele Stattler, finishing in 1847. To study art, he traveled to Germany in 1846; then in 1848 to France for classes at École des Beaux Arts in Paris using a government scholarship; on his way home, studied at the studio of Belgian portraitist Louis Gallait, who was noted for his composition of colors in a subject's attire; and after visiting numerous museums, returned to Krakow in 1850. In 1858 he married Malwina Ramloff and had four children. As an educator, he began teaching at the People's Evangelical School in Krakow from 1846 off and on until the end of his career. After his travels to Paris, starting in 1852, he taught drawing and art perspective at Krakow School of Fine Arts. When Stattler left his position of director in 1853 to travel to Rome, he replaced him for two years while continuing his duties of teaching anatomy and general history. At this point, there was confusion about his salary as he was not the school's director but doing the duties plus his classes. After Stattler retired in 1857, he was appointed permanent deputy professor, becoming the director of the Krakow School of Fine Arts until 1873 when his former student, Jan Matejko was appointed to the position. Upon Matejko's death in 1893 he became the director until his mandatory retirement in 1895. He taught art for 44 years and was the instructor to many artists who became famous years later including Piotr Stachiewicz. He published over 200 articles on art and seven notebooks, “The World of Poland in Art Monuments in 1884 to 1885,” which included a collection of cards drawn by his students. In 1887 he published an updated “Guide for the Maintenance and Restoration of Churches and Church Equipment.” In his retirement, he established the Society of Krakow History and Monuments Lovers in 1896. He secured for the National Museum a collection of K. Schmidt-Cudninski Gems; souvenirs of well-known poet, Adam Mickiewicz; along with numerous collections of coins, medal, and seals. His paintings have been exhibited in Krakow and Lviv Society of Friends of Fine Arts and the Krywult Salon in Warsaw. At the end of his life, he did free lectures on the arts, taught art classes to women, and organized field trips to museums and monuments. He was honored with the title of a doctor honoris causa of the Jagiellonian University, but he died prior to the award ceremony scheduled for May 23, 1900. In 1902 a portrait medallion by his brother-in-law, Alojzy Bunsch, was mounted on a commemorative plaque, which was placed in Saint Mary's Basilica in Krakow in his honor. Another portrait medallion of him by Bunsch was given to the Historical Museum of the City of Krakow. His paintings are well-priced in Polish art auctions and his books are still reprinted. He was an artist and an education in the era that brought Polish art to world-wide recognition.