Nobel Prize Recipient. Carl Bosch, a German chemist, was awarded the 1931 Nobel Prize for Chemistry, according to the Nobel Prize committee, "in recognition of their contributions to the invention and development of chemical high-pressure methods." Jointly, he shared half of the covet award with Karl Berguis. Since 1916, he was nominated 19 times for the candidacy for the Nobel Prize. In 1908 at the Technische Hochschule in Karlsruhe, he with Fritz Haber developed the Haber-Bosch Process, the catalytic production of ammonia from hydrogen and atmospheric nitrogen, valuable in creating both fertilizers and explosives. Data shows the Haber-Bosch Process produces 1 million tons of fertilizer a year in the 21st century. For his part in this development, Haber was awarded with a Nobel Prize in 1918. Around 1913 he developed an apparatus that employed different types of steel with varying resistances to pressure and heat to create an efficient process. The result was also used in other chemical industry processes. Born the eldest of six children into a family of entrepreneurs, his father, Peter Bosch, and uncle, Robert Bosch, invented a high-voltage spark plug and founded the multinational company Bosch, which in the 21st century is producing household appliances to high-pressure industrial chemicals. He studied at the University of Leipzig, earning a doctorate in 1898 in organic chemistry. In 1894 he received experience in studying engineering. Upon leaving the university, he accepted an entry-level position at BASF-AG, the world's largest chemical producer, and later, was president after BASF AG became part of the cartel IG Farben. He succeeded in making the simple laboratory into one of an industrial scale making synthetic fuel. Together with DuPont he developed Nylon and Perlon. During World War I, he manufactured explosives for the German Army. During World War II, the Bosch family supported the Third Reich, using forced laborers from the concentration camps in their manufacturing plants, thus providing the family with a great profit. After he spoke to the elite of the Nazi Party against what was happening in the Jewish scientific community, he was removed from his post. At this point, he attempted to save Jewish scientists that were headed to their deaths in concentration camps, with success in helping with Lise Meitner and Otto Meyerhof, but not true of many others. At this point he sank into deep depression, began to drank copious amounts of alcohol, and attempted suicide once in 1939. With the war still waging, he died in 1940. Although he was not there to witness, after World War II, his company was so involved with the Nazi regime that the Allied Military Government forced it to be split. Besides the Nobel Prize, he was awarded in 1924 the Siemens Ring, the highest German award in technology; the Liebig Memorial Medal of the Association of German Chemists; the Bunsen Medal of the German Bunsen Society; the Golden Grash of Memorial Medal of the VDI, from Association of German Engineers; the Exner Medal from the Austrian Trade Association; and the Carl Lueg Memorial Medal from the Association of German Metallurgists. He received several honorary doctorate degrees from universities within Germany. The Senate of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society elected Bosch, former director general of IG Farben, to succeed Max Planck as President on May 26, 1937. He married and had a son and a daughter. The Carl Bosch Museum opened its doors in May of 1998 in the quaint garage-house which served as the residence of Bosch's driver. Besides his personal items, garage contains a collection of his automobiles, the vintage brands of Horch and Maybach.