A Dakota woman of mixed descent, she was the granddaughter of Ta-tanka-mani, or Walking Buffalo, a Sioux chief who was the principal man at the treaty of Portage des Sioux (1815). She was the daughter of a British trader and former British Army officer in the Northwest, Capt. Lewis Crawford, and a Dakota woman named Mazadehdegawin. Her father was prominent as a trader around the time of the War of 1812.
Raised among the Mdewakanton band of Dakota, a tribe of the Sioux nation, she was called Mazardewin, "Tinkling Iron," and generally known as Winona. She kept her father's last name, even after she was married. Her Americanized full name was Winona Abigail Madeleine Crawford. She went by the name Abigail Crawford in her later years.
For a time, she lived with the family of Colonel Dixon, the "red-headed Scotchman" and trader at Lake Traverse and a prominent figure among the Indians of the Northwest in the War of 1812.
In about 1819, she married Narcisse Frenier, a bois Brule and Indian trader at Lake Traverse. They had a daughter, Susan Frenier, who later became the wife of Joseph R. Brown. Not long after Winona and her husband were married, he went on a trip to the Missouri river to look for a good location for a trading post. He is believed to have died during his journey, as he became very ill and never returned home.
Winona later married Victor Renville, also known as Ohiya, a Sioux warrior of mixed descent. They had two girls, "Leader of the Wind" who died young and a baby girl who died in infancy. They had a son and named him Gabriel. About 3d years after Victor was killed by Chippewa warriors in 1832, she married Akipa, who was later given the name Joseph Renville. They had two sons, Thomas Revnille Crawford and Charles Renville Crawford.
Winona Crawford died in 1897 at age 105 and is buried in plot 255 at Goodwin Cemetery in Goodwin, South Dakota. The name on her marker is Abigail Crawford.
Raised among the Mdewakanton band of Dakota, a tribe of the Sioux nation, she was called Mazardewin, "Tinkling Iron," and generally known as Winona. She kept her father's last name, even after she was married. Her Americanized full name was Winona Abigail Madeleine Crawford. She went by the name Abigail Crawford in her later years.
For a time, she lived with the family of Colonel Dixon, the "red-headed Scotchman" and trader at Lake Traverse and a prominent figure among the Indians of the Northwest in the War of 1812.
In about 1819, she married Narcisse Frenier, a bois Brule and Indian trader at Lake Traverse. They had a daughter, Susan Frenier, who later became the wife of Joseph R. Brown. Not long after Winona and her husband were married, he went on a trip to the Missouri river to look for a good location for a trading post. He is believed to have died during his journey, as he became very ill and never returned home.
Winona later married Victor Renville, also known as Ohiya, a Sioux warrior of mixed descent. They had two girls, "Leader of the Wind" who died young and a baby girl who died in infancy. They had a son and named him Gabriel. About 3d years after Victor was killed by Chippewa warriors in 1832, she married Akipa, who was later given the name Joseph Renville. They had two sons, Thomas Revnille Crawford and Charles Renville Crawford.
Winona Crawford died in 1897 at age 105 and is buried in plot 255 at Goodwin Cemetery in Goodwin, South Dakota. The name on her marker is Abigail Crawford.
A Dakota woman of mixed descent, she was the granddaughter of Ta-tanka-mani, or Walking Buffalo, a Sioux chief who was the principal man at the treaty of Portage des Sioux (1815). She was the daughter of a British trader and former British Army officer in the Northwest, Capt. Lewis Crawford, and a Dakota woman named Mazadehdegawin. Her father was prominent as a trader around the time of the War of 1812.
Raised among the Mdewakanton band of Dakota, a tribe of the Sioux nation, she was called Mazardewin, "Tinkling Iron," and generally known as Winona. She kept her father's last name, even after she was married. Her Americanized full name was Winona Abigail Madeleine Crawford. She went by the name Abigail Crawford in her later years.
For a time, she lived with the family of Colonel Dixon, the "red-headed Scotchman" and trader at Lake Traverse and a prominent figure among the Indians of the Northwest in the War of 1812.
In about 1819, she married Narcisse Frenier, a bois Brule and Indian trader at Lake Traverse. They had a daughter, Susan Frenier, who later became the wife of Joseph R. Brown. Not long after Winona and her husband were married, he went on a trip to the Missouri river to look for a good location for a trading post. He is believed to have died during his journey, as he became very ill and never returned home.
Winona later married Victor Renville, also known as Ohiya, a Sioux warrior of mixed descent. They had two girls, "Leader of the Wind" who died young and a baby girl who died in infancy. They had a son and named him Gabriel. About 3d years after Victor was killed by Chippewa warriors in 1832, she married Akipa, who was later given the name Joseph Renville. They had two sons, Thomas Revnille Crawford and Charles Renville Crawford.
Winona Crawford died in 1897 at age 105 and is buried in plot 255 at Goodwin Cemetery in Goodwin, South Dakota. The name on her marker is Abigail Crawford.
Raised among the Mdewakanton band of Dakota, a tribe of the Sioux nation, she was called Mazardewin, "Tinkling Iron," and generally known as Winona. She kept her father's last name, even after she was married. Her Americanized full name was Winona Abigail Madeleine Crawford. She went by the name Abigail Crawford in her later years.
For a time, she lived with the family of Colonel Dixon, the "red-headed Scotchman" and trader at Lake Traverse and a prominent figure among the Indians of the Northwest in the War of 1812.
In about 1819, she married Narcisse Frenier, a bois Brule and Indian trader at Lake Traverse. They had a daughter, Susan Frenier, who later became the wife of Joseph R. Brown. Not long after Winona and her husband were married, he went on a trip to the Missouri river to look for a good location for a trading post. He is believed to have died during his journey, as he became very ill and never returned home.
Winona later married Victor Renville, also known as Ohiya, a Sioux warrior of mixed descent. They had two girls, "Leader of the Wind" who died young and a baby girl who died in infancy. They had a son and named him Gabriel. About 3d years after Victor was killed by Chippewa warriors in 1832, she married Akipa, who was later given the name Joseph Renville. They had two sons, Thomas Revnille Crawford and Charles Renville Crawford.
Winona Crawford died in 1897 at age 105 and is buried in plot 255 at Goodwin Cemetery in Goodwin, South Dakota. The name on her marker is Abigail Crawford.
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