Archbishop of Canterbury. He was the first Scottish Archbishop of Canterbury and served in this position from 1868 until his death. Born in Edinburgh, Scotland, his parents were Presbyterians but later turned towards the Scottish Episcopal Church. He received his education at the Royal High School in Edinburgh and at the Edinburgh Academy. In 1830 he enrolled at Balliol College at Oxford, England as a Snell Exhibitioner from the University of Glasgow and was confirmed in his first year. He received his degree in 1833 and became a fellow and tutor of Balliol. In 1836 he was ordained a deacon and two years later a priest, and served a curacy at Baldon, in Oxfordshire, England. In 1842 he became headmaster of Rugby School in Rugby, Warwickshire, England and a year later married Catharine Spooner there. In 1849 he was appointed to the deanery of Carlisle, in Cumbria, England. In 1856, while at Carlisle, five of his children died within a five-week span from scarlet fever. In November 1856 he became Bishop of London during which time he established the Bishop of London's Fund and devoted a very large part of his time at London in actual evangelistic work. He consistently attended sessions in the British Parliament and was outspoken on measures of practical utility. The modification of the terms of clerical subscription (1865), the new lectionary (1871), the Burials Act (1880) were largely owing to him, as well as the Royal Commissions on Ritual (1867) and on the Ecclesiastical Courts (1881). In 1868 he was made Archbishop of Canterbury, following the death of Archbishop Charles Longley in October of that year. During his term, he took part as assessor in the 1877 Privy Council judgment in the Ridsdale Case, concerning the liturgical practices of Charles Joseph Ridsdale, who was the rector at St. Peter's Church at Folkestone, in Kent, England. He died at Addington, Greater London, England at the age of 70.